Josiah Royce (1855-1916) was an American idealist philosopher profoundly influenced by Hegel. He taught at the University of California at Berkeley and, at the behest of his friend and intellectual adversary William James, at Harvard. His best-known works include The Religious Aspect of Philosophy (1885), The Spirit of Modern Philosophy (1892), Studies of Good and Evil (1898), and The World and the Individual (1900-01).